e-ISSN: 1390-5902
CEDAMAZ, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 148–157, Julio–Diciembre 2023
DOI: 10.54753/cedamaz.v13i2.1849
Cambio Climático,7, 217–242.
Bajtai, A., Ilisz, I., Howan, D. H. O., Tóth, G. K., Scriba,
G. K. E., Lindner, W., y Péter, A. (2020). Enantioselec-
tive resolution of biologically active dipeptide analogs
by high-performance liquid chromatography applying
Cinchona alkaloid-based ion-exchanger chiral stationary
phases. Journal of Chromatography A,1611(460574),
12. https :// doi .org / 10 .1016 / j .chroma .2019
.460574
Barnes, C. J., Maldonado, C., Frøslev, T. G., Antonelli, A.,
y Rønsted, N. (2016). Unexpectedly High Beta-Diversity
of Root-Associated Fungal Communities in the Bolivian
Andes. Frontiers in Microbiology,7, 1–13. https://doi
.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01377
Canales, N. A., Gress Hansen, T. N., Cornett, C., Walker,
K., Driver, F., Antonelli, A., Maldonado, C., Nesbitt, M.,
Barnes, C. J., y Rønsted, N. (2020). Historical chemical
annotations of Cinchona bark collections are compara-
ble to results from current day high-pressure liquid chro-
matography technologies. Journal of Ethnopharmaco-
logy,249(112375), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.jep.2019.112375
Caraguay-Yaguana, K. A., Eras-guaman, V. H., Gonzalez-
Zaruma, D., Minchala-Patiño, J., Yaguana-Arévalo, M.,
y Valarezo-Ortega, C. (2016). Reproductive potential and
seed quality analysis of Cinchona officinalis L., from fo-
rest relicts in the Province of Loja – Ecuador. Investi-
gación Altoandina,18(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/
dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2016.216
Choong, E. (2009). Cinchona Alkaloids in Synthesis and Ca-
talysis (C. E. Song (ed.)). Wiley. https://doi .org/
10.1002/9783527628179
Crawford, M. (2016). The Andean Wonder Drug. University
of Pittsburgh Press.https://upittpress.org/books/
9780822944522/
Cueva-Agila, A., Vélez-Mora, D., Arias, D., Curto, M.,
Meimberg, H., y Brinegar, C. (2019). Genetic characte-
rization of fragmented populations of Cinchona officina-
lis L. (Rubiaceae), a threatened tree of the northern An-
dean cloud forests. Tree Genetics y Genomes,15(6), 81.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-019-1393-y
Dodd, J. (2011). Recent advances in understanding the ro-
le of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant production. IIter-
Relação Fertilidade, Biologia Do Solo e Nutrição de
Plantas,3(10), 486–496.
Feijoó, C., Francis, E., Milena, C., Fanny, H., Danny, R., Jor-
ge, J., Moreno, J., Magaly, Y., Víctor, E., y Darwin, P.
(2019). Propiedades físicas y características anatómicas
de la madera de Cinchona officinalis (L.) Ruiz y Cincho-
na macrocalyx Pav. ex DC en relictos boscosos al sur de
Ecuador. Bosques Latitud Cero,9(1), 94–109.
Fernández-Pérez, J., Jiménez-Artacho, C., y Fonfría-Díaz,
J. (2004). Las Quinas de Caldas. In VIII Congreso de
la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de
las Técnicas (Vol. 40, pp. 226–243). https://dialnet
.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1091020
Gamper, H. A., Walker, C., y Schüßler, A. (2009). Diversis-
pora celata sp. nov: molecular ecology and phylotaxo-
nomy of an inconspicuous arbuscular mycorrhizal fun-
gus. New Phytologist,182(2), 495–506. https://doi
.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02750.x
Garmendia, A. (2005). El árbol de la Quina (Cinchona spp.)
Distribución, caracterización de su hábitat y arquitectu-
ra. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. https://
biblioteca .casadelacultura .gob .ec / cgi -bin /
koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=16276
Gerdemann, J. W., y Nicolson, T. H. (1963). Spores of my-
corrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet
sieving and decanting. Transactions of the British Myco-
logical Society,46(2), 235–244. ://doi.org/10.1016/
S0007-1536(63)80079-0
Guachón, T., y Prado, M. (2012). Evaluación del efecto
del inóculo Micorrízico arbuscular en el crecimiento de
Cinchona pubescens y Cinchona officinalis en condicio-
nes de vivero [Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja].
https://dspace.utpl.edu.ec/handle/123456789/
2461
Guamán, P. (2014). Identificación de Hongos Micorrízicos
Arbusculares en plantas de Cinchona spp. en sitios per-
turbados y no perturbados de la Provincia de Loja. [Uni-
versidad Técnica Particular de Loja]. https://dspace
.utpl.edu.ec/handle/123456789/9108
Hart, M. M., y Reader, R. J. (2002). Taxonomic basis
for variation in the colonization strategy of arbuscu-
lar mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist,153(2), 335–
344. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001
.00312.x
Haug, I., Wubet, T., Weiß, M., Aguirre, N., Weber, M., Gün-
ter, S., y Kottke, I. (2010). Species-rich but distinct ar-
buscular mycorrhizal communities in reforestation plots
on degraded pastures and in neighboring pristine tropical
mountain rain forest. Tropical Ecology,51(2), 125–148.
Jäger, H., Tye, A., y Kowarik, I. (2007). Tree invasion in
naturally treeless environments : Impacts of quinine (
Cinchona pubescens ) trees on native vegetation in Ga-
lápagos. Science Direct,140(3–4), 297–307. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.014
Júnior, W. S. F., Cruz, M. P., dos Santos, L. L., y Medeiros,
M. F. T. (2012). Use and importance of quina (Cinchona
spp.) and ipeca (Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. An-
dersson): Plants for medicinal use from the 16th century
to the present. Journal of Herbal Medicine,2(4), 103–
112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2012.07
.003
Karaarslan, E., Uyanöz, R., y Do˘
gu, S. (2015). Morpho-
logical identification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
on bulbous plants (Taurus Mountain in Turkey). Archi-
ves of Biological Sciences,67(2), 411–426. https://
doi.org/10.2298/ABS140417007
KLópez, N. (2016). Evaluación del paisaje y recursos es-
cénicos después de 350 años de explotación de la “cas-
carilla” o “quina” Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae)
en el sector Cajanuma-Rumishitana, Ecuador. Arnal-
doa,23(2), 461–474. https://doi .org/ 10 .22497 /
arnaldoa.232.23205
Medina, L., Rodríguez, Y., Torres, Y., y Herrera, R. (2010).
Aislamiento e identificación de hongos micorrízicos ar-
busculares nativos de la zona de las Caobas, Holguín.
Cultivos Tropicales,31(4), 33–42. http://scielo.sld
.cu/scielo .php ?script=sci _arttextypid=S0258
-59362010000300014
Moraes, M., Ollgaard, B., Kvist, L., Finn, B., y Balslev, I.
156