¿Es el desempleo un determinante de la desigualdad de ingresos?: nueva evidencia a nivel global utilizando técnicas de cointegración

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Alejandra Criollo
Priscila Méndez

Resumen

La desigualdad de ingresos presenta una gran variación entre las distintas regiones mundiales, impide que las personas con menos ingresos y riqueza alcancen su potencial en términos de educación e invención. También hay menos emprendimiento y menos empleo. Aportamos a la literatura escasa sobre la relación entre desempleo y desigualdad de ingresos, al identificar el efecto del desempleo en esta última utilizando datos de panel con 92 países agrupados por nivel de ingresos en el período 1980-2016. Empleando técnicas de cointegración, encontramos evidencia de equilibrio a corto y largo plazo entre las variables a nivel global. Por otro lado, confirmamos la fuerza del vector de cointegración en ciertos países de ingresos medios altos y medios bajos y causalidad unidireccional en los países de ingresos altos desde el desempleo a la desigualdad de ingresos y causalidad bidireccional en los países de ingresos bajos entre las dos variables de estudio. Reafirmamos la importancia cuantitativa, cualitativa y estratégica del desempleo en la desigualdad de ingresos, por tanto, se debiese incluir más a menudo en futuros análisis para disminuir la brecha de desigualdad mundial.

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Criollo, A. ., & Méndez, P. . (2022). ¿Es el desempleo un determinante de la desigualdad de ingresos?: nueva evidencia a nivel global utilizando técnicas de cointegración. Revista Económica, 9(2), 9–18. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unl.edu.ec/index.php/economica/article/view/1206
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