Democracia, libertades civiles y crecimiento económico en Ecuador: un análisis de cointegración

Contenido principal del artículo

Andres Peñarreta

Resumen

La presente investigación examina la relación entre la democracia, las libertades civiles y el crecimiento económico de Ecuador, en el periodo 1972-2015, utilizando técnicas de cointegración. Aunque existe controversia en el marco teórico utilizado, los resultados son consistentes, y culminan que la democracia y las libertades civiles en Ecuador no han impulsado el crecimiento económico de este país. En el periodo analizado, se detectó que en el caso de Ecuador existe al menos un vector de cointegración en largo plazo entre las variables estudiadas. Además, realizo una prueba de corrección de error VEC siendo el resultado no significativo lo que indica que no existe equilibrio de corto plazo entre las variables estudiadas. Las implicaciones de política derivada de esta investigación serian: El fortalecimiento de las instituciones en general, el establecimiento de marcos jurídicos claros y sostenidos en el tiempo lo cual mejora el estado de las libertades civiles, además de la inclusión de la población en temas políticos pueden llegar a fortalecer el crecimiento económico de países en desarrollo y particularmente de Ecuador.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Peñarreta, A. (2019). Democracia, libertades civiles y crecimiento económico en Ecuador: un análisis de cointegración. Revista Económica, 4(1), 83–96. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unl.edu.ec/index.php/economica/article/view/510
Sección
ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

Citas

Acemoglu. D.. Johnson. S.. Robinson. J. a. y Yared. P. (2005). Income and Democracy. Discussion Paper Series- Centre for Economic Policy Research London. (1959). ALL. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.808

Acemoglu. D. (2008). Oligarchic Versus Democratic Societies. Journal of the European Economic Association. 6(1). 1?44. https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2008.6.1.1

Acemoglu. D.. Johnson. S.. Robinson. J. A.. y Yared. P. (2005). From Education to Democracy American Economic Review. 95(2). 44?49. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282805774669916

Acemoglu. D.. Naidu. S.. Restrepo. P.. y Robinson. J. (2014). Democracy Does Cause Growth.

https://doi.org/10.3386/w20004

Acemoglu. D.. Naidu. S.. Restrepo. P.. y Robinson. J. A. (2015). Democracy. redistribution. and inequality. Handbook of Income Distribution (1st ed.. Vol. 2). Elsevier B.V.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59429-7.00022-4

Adams. S.. y Klobodu. E. K. M. (2017). Urbanization. Democracy. Bureaucratic Quality. and Environmental Degradation Authors: Journal of Policy Modeling.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2017.04.006

Aidt. T. (2009). Corruption. institutions. and economic development. Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 25(2). 271?291. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp012

Apergis. N. (2016). Democracy and market crashes: Evidence from a worldwide panel of countries. Finance Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.12.014

Barro. R. I. (1994). Democracy and Growth. National Bureau of Economic Research. (4909).

Barro. R. J. (1996). Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study. National Bureau of Economic Research. 76(6). 154. https://doi.org/10.2307/1061363

Baryshnikova. N.. y Wihardja. M. (2010). The Effect of Inequality. Democracy. and Economic Development on Institutions: A Dynamic Panel Study. Culturalprecinct. Uwa.Edu.Au. Retrieved from http://www.culturalprecinct.uwa.edu.au/data/assets/pdf

le/0004/1655401/Institutions-UWA.pdf

Bollen. K. A. (1990). Bollen - Political democracy conceptual and measurement traps. 25(1). 1989?1990.

Brito. J. E. A. (2016). Social Progress . Democracy . and Economic Growth: A case study of Ecuador.

Burkhart. R. E.. Lewis-Beck. M. S. (1994). Comparative democracy the economic development thesis. American Political Science Review. 88(4). 903?910.

https://doi.org/10.2307/2082715

Cooray. A. (2009). Government expenditure . governance and economic growth Government Expenditure . Governance and Economic Growth. Comparative Economic Studies. 51.

?418. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2009.7

Dahlum. S.. y Knutsen. C. H. (2017). Do Democracies Provide Better Education Revisiting the Democracy Human Capital Link. World Development. xx.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.01.001

Dutt. P.. Mobarak. A. M. (2015). Democracy and policy stability. International Review of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2015.10.024

Friedman. M. (1982). Capitalism and Freedom. Capitalism and Freedom.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781912281107

Gao. Y.. Zang. L.. Roth. A.. y Wang. P. (2017). Does democracy cause innovation. An empirical test of the popper hypothesis. Research Policy. 19(19). 1-12.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.05.014

Gerring. B. J.. Bond. P.. Barndt. W. T.. Moreno. C.. Kalberg. S.. Krieckhaus. J.. Walle. N. Van De. (2005). ECONOMIC GROWTH A Historical Perspective. Studies in Comparative

International Development. 57(December 2004).

Grundler. K.. y Krieger. T. (2015). Democracy and growth: Evidence from SVMDI indices. (131).

Grundler. K.. y Krieger. T. (2016). Democracy and growth: Evidence from a machine learning indicator. European Journal of Political Economy. 45. 85-107.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.05.005

Hausmann. R.. Rodrik. D.. Pritchett. L.. y Rodrik. D. (2005). Growth Accelarations. Journal of Economic Growth. 10(4). 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-005-4712-0

Helliwel. J. (1992). Empirical linkages between democracy and economic growht. National Bureau of Economic Research.

Huang. Y. (2014). Democracy and Growth: Making Sense of China.

Huntington. S. P. (1991). Democracy Third Wave Can Yugoslavia Survive Soviet Reaction. Russian Reform Overcoming Underdevelopment. Journal of Democracy. 2(2). 12?34.

Knutsen. C. H. (2012). Democracy and economic growth: A survey of arguments and results. International Area Studies Review. 15(4). 393?415.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865912455268

Kotschy. R. (2016). Democracy. Inequality. and Institutional Quality. European Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.10.006

Lipset. S. M. (2014). Some Social Requisites of Democracy?: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy Author ( s ): Seymour Martin Lipset Source: The American Political

Science Review . Vol . 53 . No . 1 ( Mar .. 1959 ). pp . 69-105 SOME SOCIAL REQUISITES OF DEMOCRACY?: E. American Political Science Review. 53(1). 69-105.

Londregan. J. B.. Poole. K. T. (1996). Does High Income Promote Democracy World Politics. 49(1). 1?30. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.1996.0024

Markopoulos. E.. y Vanharanta. H. (2015). The company democracy model for the development of intellectual human capitalism for shared value. National Bureau of Economic Research.

(Ahfe). 603?610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.277

Minier. J. A. (1998). Democracy and growth: alternative approaches. Journal of Economic Growth. 3(3). 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009714821770

Munck. G. L.. Verkuilen. J. (2002). Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: Evaluating alternative indices. Comparative Political Studies. 35(1). 5?34.

https://doi.org/10.1177/001041400203500101

North. D. C. (1991). Institutions. Institutional Change. and Economic Performance. The Journal of Economic Perspective. 5(1). 97-112. https://doi.org/10.2307/2234910

Obydenkova. A. V.. y Salahodjaev. R. (2017). Climate change policies: The role of democracy and social cognitive capital. Environmental Research. 157(April). 182-189.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.009

Oleas. J. (2013). Ecuador 1972-1999: del desarrollismo petrolero al ajuste neoliberal. 492.

Perotti. R. (1996). Growth. income distribution. and democracy: What the data say. Journal of Economic Growth. 1(2). 149-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138861

Plumper. T.. Martin. C. W.. Plumper. T. (2010). Democracy . Government Spending . and Economic Growth?: A Political-Economic Explanation of the Barro-Effect Democracy . government spending . and economic growth: A political-economic explanation of the Barro effect. 117(1). 27?50.

Pourgerami. A. (1988). The political economy of development: A cross-national causality test of development-democracy-growth hypothesis. Public Choice. 58(2). 123-141.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00125718

Rodrik. D.. y Wacziarg. R. (2004). Do Democratic Transitions Produce Bad Economic Outcomes Quarterly Journal of Economics. (December).

Saint-Paul. G.. y Thierry Verdier. (1993). Education. democraty and growth. Journal of Developoment Economics. 42.

Sala-i-Martin. X. (2002). The World Distibution of Income. NBER Working Paper. 8933. 1?68.

Sen. A. K. (2000). Desarrollo y libertad Amartya Sen. Desarrollo Como Libertad. 7.

Tabellini. G.. y Persson. T. (2007). The Growth Eect of Democracy: Is it Heterogeneous and How Can it Be Estimated. NBER Working Paper 13150. (13150). 1?45.

https://doi.org/10.3386/w13150

Tavares. J.. y Wacziarg. R. (2001). How democracy aects growth. European Economic Review. 45(8). 1341?1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00093-3

Torresano. D. (2005). Relacion entre crecimeinto economico democracia y libertad economica en los paises de la comunidad andina de naciones (CAN) periodo 1995-2004.Un analisis de

datos de panel. Espol.

Tridico. P. (2013). The stage of development among former communist economies?: Social capital . the middle class and democracy. Journal of Socio-Economics. 44. 47?58.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2013.02.010

Wittman. D. (1989). Why Democracies Produce Efficient Results. Journal of Political Economy. 97(6). 1395?1424. https://doi.org/10.1086/261660

Zajenkowski. M.. Stolarski. M.. y Meisenberg. G. (2013). Openness . economic freedom and democracy moderate the relationship between national intelligence and GDP. Personality and Individual Differences. 55(4). 391?398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.013