Evaluación de la calidad de los suelos de sistemas frutícolas de la Zona Central de Chile

Carlos Guillermo Chuncho; Eduardo Arellano

Autores/as

Carlos Guillermo Chuncho Universidad Nacional de Loja
Eduardo Arellano Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Resumen

La zona central de Chile tiene el mayor porcentaje de árboles frutales por área plantada. Estos sistemas agrícolas han provocado un cambio en su fertilidad natural, productividad y propiedades; concomitantemente, pérdida de su calidad. Para encontrar e identificar prácticas de manejo adecuadas para cultivos frutales, el método de evaluación relacionado con la calidad del suelo tiene la mayor influencia. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue generar índices de calidad del suelo (ICS) para sistemas frutales en la Zona Central de Chile, basados en propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo de las Regiones IV y VI. Con estas propiedades, a través de un análisis factorial, los indicadores se seleccionaron y normalizaron en un ICS a través de funciones lineales y no lineales. Los resultados generales muestran que los indicadores con el peso final más alto en la IV Región fueron conductividad eléctrica, carbono orgánico, N total, Na intercambiable, S disponible, arcilla y arena. Mientras que los indicadores en la VI Región fueron CIC, arcilla, K disponible, Ca y Mg intercambiables. Con respecto a la calidad del suelo, las Regiones IV y VI mostraron un SQI de 0,15 y 0,17, respectivamente. Estos valores no mostraron diferencias significativas (p = 0,2613).

Métricas

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Biografía del autor/a

Carlos Guillermo Chuncho, Universidad Nacional de Loja

Docente de la Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Ecuador.

Eduardo Arellano, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Profesor Asociado, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Citas

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