Desigualdad y crecimiento económico a nivel mundial y por grupos de países en función de su nivel de ingresos, con técnicas de cointegración

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Publicado: feb. 5, 2022

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Karina Córdova
Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
Elizabeth Lozano
Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador

Resumen

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la existencia de un equilibrio a corto y largo plazo entre la desigualdad de ingresos y el producto interno bruto per cápita a nivel mundial y por grupos de países de acuerdo al nivel de ingresos en el periodo 1980-2015, con datos obtenidos del Banco Mundial (2010). Se ha aplicado el test de cointegración de Pedroni (1999) y de Westerlund (2007) para determinar el equilibrio a largo y corto plazo respectivamente. A nivel global y en todos los grupos de países existe una relación a largo plazo entre la desigualdad de ingresos y el producto interno bruto per cápita, y en la mayoría de países la fuerza del vector de cointegración es contundente. De acuerdo al test de Westerlund (2007), existe una relación a corto plazo entre las variables, a nivel global, países de ingresos extremadamente altos, altos, medios altos, bajos y extremadamente bajos. Los resultados de la prueba de causalidad de Granger basada en la prueba de Dumitrescu y Hurlin (2012) indican que, a nivel global, en los países de ingresos medios altos y bajos existe causalidad unidireccional, que va desde el producto interno bruto per cápita hacia la desigualdad de ingresos. En base a estos resultados se pueden aplicar políticas como el incremento al impuesto a la renta, inversión en educación y generación de empleo, con el fin de que las familias mejoren su economía, reduciendo así de la desigualdad de ingresos.

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Córdova, K., & Lozano, E. . (2022). Desigualdad y crecimiento económico a nivel mundial y por grupos de países en función de su nivel de ingresos, con técnicas de cointegración . Revista Económica, 9(2), 109–122. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unl.edu.ec/index.php/economica/article/view/1214
Número
Vol. 9 Núm. 2 (2021): RVE Vol 9 (Julio-Diciembre 2021)
Sección
ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN
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