Consumo de energía, capital humano y crecimiento económico: Análisis de cointegración y causalidad con datos de panel a nivel mundial

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Publicado: mar. 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54753/rve.v10i1.1293

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Estefanía Lara
Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
Pablo Ponce
Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador

Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el efecto del capital humano y el consumo de energía eléctrica en el crecimiento económico. Utilizamos datos de panel de las bases de Barro y Lee (2016) y del Banco Mundial (2017). Utilizamos la prueba de cointegración de Pedroni (1999) y Westerlund (2007) para encontrar el equilibrio y las pruebas de Dumitrescu y Hurlin (2012) para verificar la dirección de la causalidad entre las series. En segundo lugar, estimamos la fuerza del vector de cointegración para países de manera individual, a través de un modelo DOLS. Para grupos de países utilizamos un modelo PDOLS. Los resultados encontrados indican la existencia de un equilibrio a corto y largo plazo entre las variables a nivel mundial y por grupos de países. Existe una causalidad unidireccional del consumo de energía al crecimiento económico, en todos los grupos de países excepto lo de ingresos altos y extremadamente altos. La causalidad del capital humano al crecimiento solo existe en los países de ingresos bajos. Las implicaciones de las políticas sugieren que el estado debe buscar e impulsar la implementación de nuevas fuentes de generación de energía, debido a su fuerte relación al crecimiento

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Lara, E. ., & Ponce, P. (2022). Consumo de energía, capital humano y crecimiento económico: Análisis de cointegración y causalidad con datos de panel a nivel mundial. Revista Económica, 10(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.54753/rve.v10i1.1293
Número
Vol. 10 Núm. 1 (2022): RVE Vol 10 (Enero-Junio 2022)
Sección
ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN
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