Morphological identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in native populations of Cinchona officinalis in the Loja province, Ecuador

Authors

  • Yajaira Arévalo Capa Centro de investigaciones y Servicios de Análisis Químico (CISAQ), Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-803X
  • Paúl Loján Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-1193

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54753/cedamaz.v13i2.1849

Keywords:

Symbiosis, Conservation, Ecological restoration, Disturbance, Adaptation

Abstract

Cinchona officinalis (quinine) has been used to combat fever caused by malaria and other types of fevers, which is why it has been overexploited in southern Ecuador since colonial times, leading to the decimation of its native populations. In this context, it is necessary to establish strategies that allow the reintroduction of this species in its original distribution areas. One of these strategies is the association in its early developmental stage with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The objective of this research was to identify the AMF genera associated with natural populations of Cinchona officinalis through a morphological analysis of the spores, based on descriptions from the International Collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM). The study area focused on five sites in the Loja canton, where rhizosphere and root samples were collected. Then, trap systems were established for the cultivation of AMF using Plantago lanceolata as the host plant. After nine months of establishing the trap systems, colonization percentages and root colonization length were calculated. The morphological analysis of the spores allowed the identification of four genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Gigaspora, Funneliformis, Glomus, and Acaulospora, with Glomus being the most abundant, followed by Acaulospora, and Gigaspora being the least common. The percentage of colonization in C. officinalis roots ranged from 80% to 89%, while the percentage of root colonization length in field samples varied between 20.97% and 38.12%. These results suggest that in its natural ecosystem, C. officinalis has a high colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, with Glomus being the dominant genus. The colonization percentages were high, unlike the trap plants, which could be attributed to differences in environmental conditions and soil characteristics.

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2023-12-31

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Arévalo Capa, Y., & Loján, P. (2023). Morphological identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in native populations of Cinchona officinalis in the Loja province, Ecuador. CEDAMAZ, 13(2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.54753/cedamaz.v13i2.1849

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Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): CEDAMAZ

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