El lenguaje de las emociones: Un estudio sobre metáforas y campos semánticos en el discurso de mujeres migrantes venezolanas

Autores/as

  • Carolina Gutierrez-Rivas Central Michigan University, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54753/eac.v13i2.2166

Palabras clave:

mujeres migrantes venezolanas, metáforas generativas, campos semánticos, lengua y violencia

Resumen

Más de 7.3 millones de ciudadanos venezolanos hanabandonado su país desde 2014 (UNHCR, 2023). Enalgunos países de Suramérica, más del 50% de losvenezolanos migrantes son mujeres y niñas, quienesson vulnerables a la violencia en sus comunidadesreceptoras. Este artículo explora las conexionesentre violencia, migración forzada y el lenguajepara expresar las emociones que derivan de dichaexperiencia. El corpus principal son testimonios demujeres migrantes venezolanas. El análisis se basaen las teorías de la metáfora generativa y los campossemánticos. Los testimonios se clasificaron en trestipos: los que giran en torno al campo semántico dela guerra y la sobrevivencia; los que expresan otredady los que expresan sexualización y deshumanización.Los tres tipos de testimonio mostraron metáforas(o expresiones) de guerra. La conclusión esque la adversidad y el trauma han moldeado lavisión del mundo de estas mujeres y es así comolo entienden ahora, como un campo de batalla.

Citas

Agyekum, K. (2002). The communicative role of silence in Akan. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), 12(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.12.1.03agy

Amnesty International. (n.d.). Who We Are. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.amnesty.org/en/about-us/

Amnesty International. (July 12, 2022). Unprotected: gender-based violence against Venezuelan refugee women in Colombia and Peru. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr01/5675/2022/en/

Amnesty International. (March 7, 2023). "No one wants to live in hiding": Lack of protection for Venezuelan refugees in Chile. Retrieved

January, 14 2024. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr22/6437/2023/en/

Andrews-Lee, C. (2022). A populist legacy and authoritarian response. In N. Ringe, & L. Rennó (Eds.), Populists and the pandemic (pp.196-206). Routledge.

Calderón-Jaramillo, M., Parra-Romero, D., Forero-Martínez, L. J., Royo, M., & Rivillas-García, J. C. (2020). Migrant Women and Sexual and

Gender-Based Violence at the Colombia-Venezuela Border: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Migration and Health, 1–2, 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100003

CARE Action Two Page Brief. (December 14, 2023). Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/resources/careaction-two-page-brief/

Carter, R., Goddard, A., Bowring, M., Reah, D., & Sanger, K. (2001). Working with texts: A core introduction to language analysis. Psychology Press.

Charity, A. H. (2008). Linguists as agents for social change. Language and Linguistics Compass, 2(5), 923-939. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00081.x

Cowie, R., & Cornelius, R. R. (2003). Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech. Speech Communication, 40(1-2), 5-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00071-7

Del Campo, C. (July 22, 2022). Constant violence and absent governments: The twofold lack of protection faced by Venezuelan refugees. Amnesty International.https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/07/twofold-lack-faced-by-venezuelan-refugees/

Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.). Violence. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/violence

Estey, J. & Adelung, K. (2019, June 1). A pregnant mother’s harrowing journey on foot from Venezuela. Care.org. https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/news/a-pregnant-mothersharrowing-journey-on-foot-from-venezuela/

Foucault, M. (1978). Nietzsche, genealogy, history. Semiotexte, 3(1), 78–94. https://philarchive.org/archive/FOUNGH

Gao, C., & Xu, B. (2013). The application of semantic field theory to English vocabulary learning. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 3(11), 2030-2035. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.11.2030-2035

Gonzalez-Agüero, M., & Burcu, O. (2024). The vulnerabilities of skilled irregular Venezuelan migrants and entrepreneurs in Chile. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2305270

Hardman, M. J. (2006, March 19). Question about metaphors. Personal Communication, via email.

Hardman, M. J., Taylor, A. & Wright, C. (2013). Making the invisible visible: Gender in language: iUniverse. Bloomington.

Heras Moner Sans, A. I., & Foio, S. (2007, April 13-15). Inclusion and exclusion as semantic fields agents’ perspectives through inter disciplinary analysis. Unpublished paper presented at The Second International Conference on Multicultural Discourses, Institute of Discourse and Cultural Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.

Makuch, M. Y., Osis, M. J., Becerra, A., Brasil, C., de Amorim, H. S., & Bahamondes, L. (2021). Narratives of experiences of violence of Venezuelan migrant women sheltered at the northwestern Brazilian border. PLoSOne, 16(11), e0260300. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260300

Méndez Guerrero, B. & Camargo Fernández, L. (2015). Los actos silenciosos en la conversación española: condicionantes, realizaciones y efectos. Círculo de lingüística aplicada a la comunicación, 64, 6-31. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5270722

Merriam Webster Dictionary. (n.d.). Plunge. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plunge

Mey, J. (2001). Pragmatics. An introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Nordquist, R. (2019, July 2019). Semantic Field Definition. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/semantic-field-1692079

Perez, L. M., & Freier, L. F. (2023). Of prostitutes and thieves: the hyper-sexualisation and criminalisation of Venezuelan migrant women in Peru. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 49(3), 715-733. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2022.2047907

Philo, G. (2007). Can discourse analysis successfully explain the content of media and journalistic practice? Journalism Studies, 8(2), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700601148804

Pineda, E., & Avila, K. (2019). Aproximaciones a la migración colombo-venezolana: desigualdad, prejuicio y vulnerabilidad. Clivatge, 7, 46–97. https://doi.org/10.25058/1794600X.988

Red Clamor-ACNUR. (2020, November). Pies para que te tengo: Testimonios de personas venezolanas refugiadas y migrantes- Red CLAMOR. Retrieved December 11, 2023. https://www.acnur.org/media/pies-paraque-te-tengo-testimonios-de-personasvenezolanas-refugiadas-y-migrantes-redclamor

Royal Spanish Academy. (s.f.). Minar. In Diccionario de la lengua española. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://dle.rae.es/cultura?m=form

Royal Spanish Academy. (s.f.). Socavar. In Diccionario de la lengua española. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://dle.rae.es/socavar?m=form

Shapiro, A. (2021, September 13). Hardship and hope: Venezuelan migrants share their stories. Care. org. https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/news/stories-from-the-field-venezuelanmigrants-share-their-stories/

Stetz, A. (2022). The humanitarian crisis in Venezuela. Harvard Model Congress. Europe.

Taylor, C. (2021). Metaphors of migration over time. Discourse & Society, 32(4), 463-481.

UNHCR. The UN Refugee Agency (n.d.). 108.4 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html

UNHCR. The UN Refugee Agency (n.d.). Venezuela humanitarian crisis. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/venezuela/United Nations General Assembly (1994, February 23) Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, A/ RES/48/104. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f25d2c.html

UN Women (n.d.) The Shadow Pandemic: Violence against women during COVID-19. Retrieved February 10, 2024. https://www.unwomen. org/en/news/in-focus/in-focus-genderequality-in-covid-19-response/violenceagainst-women-during-covid-19

Van Praag, O (2019, September 13). Understanding the Venezuelan refugee crisis. Wilson Center. www.wilsoncenter.org/article/understandingthe-venezuelan-refugee-crisis.

Venezuelan, A., & Ausman, J. (2019). The devastating Venezuelan crisis. National Library of Medicine. The National Center for Biotechnology Information. Surgical Neurology International. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6744797/

Wangru, C. (2016). Vocabulary Teaching Based on Semantic-Field. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(3), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.5539/JEL.V5N3P64

Wordliczek, R. (2022). Defense of human rights and the humanitarian crisis at the border of Venezuela and Colombia from the United States policy perspective. Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy, 18(2), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.56583/br.2049

Descargas

Publicado

2024-07-25

Cómo citar

Gutierrez-Rivas, C. (2024). El lenguaje de las emociones: Un estudio sobre metáforas y campos semánticos en el discurso de mujeres migrantes venezolanas. Educación, Arte, Comunicación: Revista Académica E Investigativa, 13(2), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.54753/eac.v13i2.2166